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百度 ”北京市社科院法学所马一德代表认为。

???? ???? ?? ???? ???? (??????: Manichaeism; ?????? ??????: ???? ???? ??????-?-???? ; ????: 摩尼教 ?????: Móní Jiào, ???? ????) ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???? (???-??? ???????????) ?????? ?????^[1][2]

???? ????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???, ?????? ???? (??????? ?????) ??? ???? (?????????? ??????) ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????????, ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????^[3]

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????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????

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???? ????? ???? ?????, 216 ???? ?????????? ??????????? Seleucia-Ctesiphon (???????? ??-??????) ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ????-??????? ???????,[20] ???? ????-?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????

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??? ????????? ??????? ??????, ???? ??????????????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????, ??????????? ???? ????-????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 276- 277?

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(1) ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? .

(2) ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ?????????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???, ?? ??? ?????? ???, ???? ?????? ????????, ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ??????? ??????, ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????????, ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????, ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ????

(3) ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????-??? ?????? ???? ?????, ????????, ??? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? (???? ?????????) ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ???, ????, ??, ???? ????? ???? ? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????

???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? "???? ????????? ???????" ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????, ?????, ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????

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????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? (??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????), ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????, ??? ???? ???????? ????????, ?? ???????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?-???????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????, 20 ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? (?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???) ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????

??? ?????? "??? ?? ?????????" (?? 1976 ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ???????) ??? ??? ????? ???????????? ??????? (1943 ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ????????) ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????:

??? ???????? ?? ????, ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????,????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???, ?????? ??????? ????? ???????, ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ????, ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????

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???? ?????????? ????????? ????????? (154-222) ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????

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??? ?????????????? ???? 312 ???? ???? ???????????? ???? ???????? ????

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???? ??????? ???? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? (759-780) ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? 763 ???? ? ????? ??????????? ??,??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ????, 840 ???? ????? ????????? ????? ????

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↑ "明教在温州的最后遗存 – 温州社会研究所"? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ "崇寿宫记"? Cxsz.cixi.gov.cn? ????-??-??? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????-??-???{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ ??????? ??????: <ref> ????? ??? ???; SNC Lieu ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
↑ "Central Manichaean Temple"? Manichaean.org? ????-??-??? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????-??-???{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ "Manichaeism, Esoteric Buddhism and Oriental Theosophy" (PDF)? ???????? ????? ????-??-???{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ (2025-08-04 21:01:40) (????-??-??)? "天书降世弥勒古佛说风轮真经全卷_龙华会聚原人_新浪博客"? Blog.sina.com.cn? ???????? ????? ????-??-??? {{????? ???????}}: |????=-? ???????? ??? ?????? (???????)??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ "Neo-Manichaeanism: Questions and Answers"? Oocities.org? ???????? ????? ????-??-???{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

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???????? ???????????????? - ??????? public domain, published 1917.
International Association of Manichaean Studies
Manichaean and Christian Remains in Zayton (Quanzhou, South China) ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????
Religions of Iran: Manichaeism ????? I.J.S. Taraporewala
专题研究–摩尼教研究 ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ???? ??????
《光明皇帝》明尊教背景书(1)

[1] "明教在温州的最后遗存 – 温州社会研究所"? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[2] "崇寿宫记"? Cxsz.cixi.gov.cn? ????-??-??? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????-??-???{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[SNC_Lieu-3] ??????? ??????: <ref> ????? ??? ???; SNC Lieu ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????

[4] "Central Manichaean Temple"? Manichaean.org? ????-??-??? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????-??-???{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[5] "Manichaeism, Esoteric Buddhism and Oriental Theosophy" (PDF)? ???????? ????? ????-??-???{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[6] (2025-08-04 21:01:40) (????-??-??)? "天书降世弥勒古佛说风轮真经全卷_龙华会聚原人_新浪博客"? Blog.sina.com.cn? ???????? ????? ????-??-??? {{????? ???????}}: |????=-? ???????? ??? ?????? (???????)??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[7] "Neo-Manichaeanism: Questions and Answers"? Oocities.org? ???????? ????? ????-??-???{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

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